Categorised as a directed energy deposition process, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising technology for fabricating large-scale structures and components across various industries.However, the quality of WAAM parts depends on the tool trajectory, as it affects the temperature distribution.Ideally, temperature-related issues, such
The lack of reliable information on actual characteristics and parameters is the main deterrent to the effective application of mathematical and computer modelling methods for solving problems of optimal reconstruction, adjustment, and development of operational problems.The lack of such information is solved on the basis of applying Oven Glass Spa
South Africa was ill prepared for the Second World War.Her war potential was limited and Hitler is reputed to have laughed when the South African declaration came on 6 September 1939.The Permanent and Active Citizen Forces were under strength: the first comprised only 350 officers and some five thousand men.There were a further 122 000 men in the C